| Coronary
Angioplasty:
|
Coronary
angioplasty (AN-jee-oh-plas-tee)
is a medical procedure used to restore
blood flow through a narrowed or blocked
artery in the heart. The arteries
of the heart (the coronary arteries)
can become narrowed and blocked due
to buildup of a material called plaque
on their inner walls. |
What
Is Coronary Angioplasty?
Coronary angioplasty (AN-jee-oh-plas-tee)
is a medical procedure used to restore blood
flow through a narrowed or blocked artery
in the heart. The arteries of the heart
(the coronary arteries) can become narrowed
and blocked due to buildup of a material
called plaque on their inner walls. This
narrowing reduces the flow of blood through
the artery and can lead, over time, to coronary
artery disease and heart attack. In angioplasty,
a thin tube with a balloon or other device
on the end is first threaded through a blood
vessel in the arm or groin (upper thigh)
up to the site of a narrowing or blockage
in a coronary artery. Once in place, the
balloon is then inflated to push the plaque
outward against the wall of the artery,
widening the artery and restoring the flow
of blood through it.
The
illustration shows a cross-section of a
coronary artery with plaque buildup. The
coronary artery is located on the surface
of the heart. Figure A shows the deflated
balloon catheter inserted into the narrowed
coronary artery. In Figure B, the balloon
is inflated, compressing the plaque and
restoring the size of the artery. Figure
C shows normal blood flow restored in the
widened artery.
Angioplasty
is used to:
- Relieve
chest pain caused by reduced blood flow
to the heart.
-
Minimize damage to the heart muscle during
a heart attack. This damage occurs when
blood flow is totally cut off to an area
of the heart.
Angioplasty was first used in 1977. A tiny
balloon was used to open or widen narrowed
arteries. Since then, new devices and medicines
have improved the procedure and made it
appropriate for more people. The improvements
include:
- Stents.stent
is a tiny mesh tube that looks like
a small spring. The stent is inserted
in the area where the artery is narrowed
to keep it open. Some stents are "coated"
with medication to help prevent the
artery from closing again. Stents are
used in most angioplasties except when
an artery is too small for a stent to
fit.
- When a stent
is used, in 2 out of 10 people the artery
will close again within the first 6
months.
- When a stent
is not used, in 4 out of 10 people the
artery will close again within the first
6 months.
- Plaque removers.
Many kinds of plaque removers exist.
They are used to cut away plaque that
narrows the inside of the arteries.
- Laser. A laser
is used to dissolve or vaporize plaque.
First approved in 1992, laser devices
are used in many major U.S. medical
centers.
- Stent Placement
The
illustration shows the placement of a
stent in a coronary artery with plaque
buildup. The coronary artery is located
on the surface of the heart. Figure A
shows the deflated balloon catheter and
closed stent inserted into the narrowed
coronary artery. In Figure B, the balloon
is inflated, expanding the stent and compressing
the plaque to restore the size of the
artery. Figure C shows normal blood flow
restored in the stent-widened artery.
Today,
angioplasty is performed on more than
1 million people a year in the United
States. The procedure is best done:
Research on angioplasty
continues to:
- Increase its safety
- Prevent the artery
from closing again
- Make it an option
for more people
>back
to "Cardiology"
|
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