Brachial
plexus injuries:
 |
The
brachial plexus
is a network of nerves that conducts
signals from the spine to the shoulder,
arm, and hand. Brachial plexus injuries
are caused by damage to those nerves.
Symptoms may include a limp or paralyzed
arm, lack of muscle control in the
arm, hand, or wrist, and lack of
feeling or sensation in the arm
or hand. |
What are Brachial Plexus Injuries?
Although injuries can occur at any time,
many brachial plexus injuries happen during
birth: the baby's shoulders may become
impacted during the birth process causing
the brachial plexus nerves to stretch
or tear. There are four types of brachial
plexus injuries: avulsion, the most severe
type, in which the nerve is torn from
the spine; rupture, in which the nerve
is torn but not at the spinal attachment;
neuroma, in which the nerve has tried
to heal itself but scar tissue has grown
around the injury, putting pressure on
the injured nerve and preventing the nerve
from conducting signals to the muscles;
and neuropraxia or stretch, in which the
nerve has been damaged but not torn. Neuropraxia
is the most common type of brachial plexus
injury.
Is there any treatment?
Some brachial plexus injuries may heal
without treatment. Many children improve
or recover by 3 to 4 months of age. Treatment
for brachial plexus injuries includes
occupational or physical therapy and,
in some cases, surgery.
What is the prognosis?
The site and type of brachial plexus injury
determine the prognosis. For avulsion
and rupture injuries there is no potential
for recovery unless surgical reconnection
is made in a timely manner. For neuroma
and neuropraxia injuries the potential
for recovery varies. Most patients with
neuropraxia injuries recover spontaneously
with a 90-100% return of function.
What research is being done?
The NINDS conducts and supports research
on injuries to organs and networks within
the nervous system, such as the brachial
plexus. Much of this research is aimed
at finding ways to prevent and treat these
disorders.
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